You may have replicated this process in high school physics, and, like most people, left the knowledge of this phenomenon neatly stored next to your senior yearbook. Electrolysis, the process of using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, has played a pivotal role in hydrogen production since the early days of scientific discovery. In fact it was discovered in the early 19th century when scientists first began exploring electrical decomposition of substances.

In 1800, William Nicholson and Anthony Carlisle first demonstrated water electrolysis by passing an electric current through water, causing it to separate into its constituent gases. This groundbreaking experiment laid the foundation for understanding how electrical energy could be used to generate hydrogen.

During the Industrial Revolution, electrolysis became increasingly important. Scientists and engineers recognized its potential for producing pure hydrogen for scientific research, industrial processes, and emerging technologies. By the late 19th century, large-scale electrolysis systems were being developed, particularly in regions with abundant hydroelectric power.

World War II marked a significant period for electrolysis, as nations sought reliable methods of hydrogen production for various military and industrial applications. Countries like Norway developed advanced electrolysis facilities, leveraging their hydroelectric resources to generate hydrogen efficiently.

In the mid-20th century, space exploration further advanced electrolysis technology. NASA's space programs relied on electrolysis to generate oxygen and hydrogen for fuel cells and life support systems, driving technological innovations that would later benefit commercial and industrial hydrogen production.

Today, as the world seeks clean energy solutions, electrolysis remains a critical method for generating green hydrogen, continuing its legacy of transforming water into a versatile energy resource.